Which of the following technologies is closely linked to gene editing?

Gene editing is a transformative technology that allows researchers to modify an organism's DNA in a precise and targeted manner. Among the various tools available for gene editing, CRISPR stands out as the most closely linked technology. CRISPR, which stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, is a groundbreaking method that was developed from a natural defense mechanism in bacteria. It uses a guide RNA to direct the Cas9 enzyme to a specific location in the genome, enabling the precise cut of DNA. This capability allows scientists to add, delete, or alter specific genetic sequences, paving the way for advancements in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology.

The other technologies mentioned, such as holography, nanotechnology, and thermodynamics, do not directly relate to gene editing. Holography is concerned with the creation of three-dimensional images, nanotechnology involves manipulating matter on an atomic or molecular scale, and thermodynamics studies the principles of heat and energy transfer. While all these fields are significant in their own right, they do not have the direct applications or mechanisms associated with the precise editing of genes that CRISPR does.