Plans to establish a 4G network on the moon were announced by Nokia and which organization?

The correct answer is NASA, as this collaboration aligns with NASA's initiatives to expand human exploration into space, particularly with missions aimed at the Moon, such as the Artemis program. Nokia's efforts to establish a 4G network are designed to support communication needs for lunar missions, which would allow astronauts to communicate with each other and with mission control on Earth more effectively. This technology will also support various activities on the lunar surface, including data exchange, telemetry, and possibly even preparations for future human settlements.

In this context, the partnership with NASA is crucial, as the agency is responsible for the planning and execution of human space exploration, and having a reliable communication system is fundamental for mission success. Other organizations in the options provided, such as SpaceX and the European Space Agency, have their own respective roles in space exploration, but the specific partnership for the 4G network on the Moon has been officially linked with NASA’s ongoing projects and objectives.